The animal-based diet: variations, evidence, and risks

Where animal-based eating sits between carnivore and Paleo

Animal-based, carnivore, and Paleo are often treated as interchangeable. Their differences become clearer when you look at which plant foods each approach allows.

An animal-based diet centers on meat, organ meats, eggs, dairy, fish, raw honey, and fruit. Most other plant foods take a back seat or disappear altogether. It falls somewhere between a strict carnivore diet, which excludes all plants, and Paleo, which includes plants but leaves out grains and legumes. Proponents generally describe it as an ongoing eating pattern, rather than a temporary elimination diet.

Paul Saladino is among its best-known advocates. The approach draws on ideas about ancestral eating, although historical reconstructions describe widely varying diets. Paleo studies also use different rules from an animal-based pattern containing dairy, fruit, and honey. The research reviewed here therefore offers mostly indirect evidence; it does not include a randomized trial of Saladino’s specific pattern. Paleo overview Review of randomized trials

Advocates associate animal-based eating with four main outcomes:

• More energy and better blood sugar control. They attribute these changes to eating fewer refined carbohydrates and highly processed foods. Whether the specific animal-based pattern is necessary, or outperforms other ways of eating, remains an open question.

• Fat loss and changes in body composition. Protein can help with fullness, but weight changes also depend on total energy intake. Personal accounts cannot separate these influences.

• A high concentration of micronutrients from organ meats. In an analysis of selected micronutrients, organ meats, eggs, and small fish ranked among the most nutrient-dense foods across food categories. Nutrient-density analysis

• Less exposure to “antinutrients.” This is the rationale for largely avoiding grains, legumes, and certain other plant foods whose compounds may affect mineral absorption. It does not establish that avoiding those foods improves health.

Why people consider Saladino’s approach

The symptoms and goals below help explain its appeal. Persistent symptoms deserve investigation first; they do not, by themselves, establish a reason to adopt a restrictive animal-based diet.

• Ongoing low energy or blood sugar swings after meals while eating a typical Western diet.

• Suspected food intolerance that has not been traced to a single food group.

• A desire to change body composition or lose weight after several unsuccessful attempts with conventional diets.

• Interest in ancestral or Paleolithic ways of eating.

Eating disorders, pregnancy, breastfeeding, familial hypercholesterolemia, and other conditions affecting diet or nutrient needs call for particular care. Major dietary changes also need to fit with any medications you take. Having recently completed a blood panel does not automatically make the pattern suitable or safe.

Before removing whole food groups, it helps to take stock with a qualified nutrition professional: what do you already eat, which symptoms or goals matter most, and which less restrictive changes could address them? Those questions also guide any blood tests. The cited studies do not establish a minimum standard panel for this diet.

The proposed mechanisms: protein, fat, and very few plant foods

Depending on food choices, protein and fat intake may rise while fiber intake falls substantially. Large amounts of butter, fatty meat, and full-fat dairy can also increase saturated fat intake. Fullness, glucose levels, and blood lipids need to be considered separately: an improvement in one does not mean every risk has improved.

Whether the pattern is low-carbohydrate or ketogenic depends on quantities. Fruit and honey provide both glucose and fructose; larger amounts can prevent ketosis. The diet’s name tells you little about its actual carbohydrate content.

Protein can increase short-term fullness, with gut hormones among the mechanisms studied. Reducing refined carbohydrates can also change the glucose response to a meal. These ideas help explain the appeal of personal success stories, but they cannot establish why a particular person loses weight or feels better while eating animal-based.

A review of four randomized trials involving 159 participants found short-term Paleo benefits for waist circumference and triglycerides. Estimates for blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose also favored Paleo, but their confidence intervals included no difference. These are interesting findings about Paleo, rather than about Saladino’s animal-based diet. Systematic review

Blood lipids introduce a separate consideration. In a randomized trial, LDL cholesterol and ApoB were higher with red or white meat than with nonmeat protein, independently of the diets’ saturated fat content. The signal was therefore not explained by saturated fat alone. The study did not isolate a pure protein effect: dietary cholesterol and other differences between the foods may have contributed. Its published correction clarifies that limitation while retaining the LDL and ApoB findings. Randomized trial Correction

Researchers have also studied compounds produced through gut metabolism. A cross-sectional study found higher TMAO concentrations among people following a strict Paleo diet than in a comparison group. A separate large cohort linked higher TMAO to higher mortality. Neither result establishes a causal chain or lets us calculate the mortality risk of an animal-based diet. Diet, gut bacteria, and kidney function are among the factors influencing TMAO. Paleo study MESA cohort

Foods commonly included

The following foods feature in common versions of the pattern. This describes how people follow it; it is not a recommendation to exclude other food groups.

• Muscle meat. Beef, lamb, bison, pork, and poultry. Advocates often prefer grass-fed meat or pasture-raised poultry when their budget allows.

• Organ meats, including liver, heart, and kidneys. Nutrient content varies considerably, and liver can provide very large amounts of preformed vitamin A. There is no universally safe number of weekly servings without specifying the organ, animal, and amount.

• Eggs. Whole eggs, often free-range when available. Yolks provide choline and fat-soluble vitamins.

• Fish and seafood. Wild-caught fish are often preferred, with small oily fish such as sardines, anchovies, and mackerel supplying omega-3 fats. Large amounts of fish liver can cause vitamin A toxicity.

• Dairy, if tolerated. Choose pasteurized products. Raw milk can contain disease-causing organisms even where its sale is legal. CDC guidance

• Fruit. Berries, citrus, melons, and tropical fruit. Most fruits are generally allowed within this approach.

• Raw honey. Limited amounts as a carbohydrate source.

• Salt, animal fats, butter, and ghee. These provide the main cooking fats and seasonings.

Foods the approach excludes or limits

Many exclusions rest on assumptions about “antinutrients.” Some plant compounds can affect the absorption of particular minerals under particular conditions. That does not make grains, legumes, or vegetables generally harmful: preparation, amounts, and the overall diet matter. The list below describes advocates’ rules, not medical necessities.

• Grains. Wheat, oats, rice, corn, and foods made from them. These are excluded using an antinutrient rationale similar to Paleo’s.

• Legumes. Beans, lentils, peanuts, and soy. These are excluded for the same reason.

• Seed oils. Canola, soybean, sunflower, safflower, corn, and cottonseed oils. Advocates exclude them because of concerns about processing and claimed inflammatory effects; this list does not establish those claims.

• Most vegetables. Particularly leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, and nightshades. Many versions restrict rather than completely exclude them.

• Nuts and seeds. These receive less emphasis because of their antinutrient compounds and polyunsaturated fats.

• Refined sugar and highly processed foods. These are generally excluded across versions of the pattern.

How the health claims hold up

Claims about energy, fat loss, and nutrient intake draw on different types of evidence: personal experiences, studies of individual foods, and research on related dietary patterns. These do not answer the same question. Findings about Paleo or carnivore diets cannot simply be transferred to animal-based eating.

The sections below distinguish what researchers actually measured: short-term metabolic markers, blood lipids, food nutrient composition, and TMAO as a research marker.

Short-term metabolic markers: indirect evidence

The 2015 Paleo review found benefits for waist circumference and triglycerides, but not statistically clear differences for every marker studied. Another meta-analysis found no clear advantage for glucose or insulin measures over other healthy diets. In a social-media survey, 2,029 carnivore followers reported weight loss and, among respondents with diabetes, lower medication use. These were self-reported outcomes in a selected group without a randomized comparator. They provide reasons for further research, not instructions to stop medication. Paleo review Glucose review Carnivore survey

LDL cholesterol and ApoB: relevant findings from comparison studies

In a controlled feeding study, LDL cholesterol and ApoB were higher with red and white meat than with the nonmeat protein meals studied. A meta-analysis of vegetarian and vegan diets also found lower LDL cholesterol and ApoB than with omnivorous diets. These findings give reason to pay attention to protein sources and saturated fat. They do not show that every animal-based variation produces the same increase in every person. 2017 review Feeding study 2023 review

Micronutrient density: what food composition can tell us

An analysis of selected micronutrients identified organ meats, small fish, and eggs as particularly nutrient-dense, alongside dark green leafy vegetables. It examined food composition, not the superiority of an entire diet. Liver’s high vitamin A content also limits how much makes sense to eat. One case series documented liver damage after prolonged high-dose vitamin A use; another described poisoning after eating fish liver. The first was not evidence of injury from ordinary organ-meat portions. Vitamin A case series Fish-liver cases Nutrient analysis

The nutrient analysis has two published corrections to reference-intake values in its table, covering zinc, iron, and vitamin A. The authors state that its scientific conclusions are unchanged. The nutrient-density finding remains useful, without establishing that plant foods should be removed. 2022 correction 2023 correction

TMAO and cardiovascular risk: an open research question

The Paleo cross-sectional study found higher TMAO with strict Paleo, while the MESA cohort associated TMAO with mortality. Together, they make gut metabolism a worthwhile research question. They are not direct evidence that animal-based eating causes or prevents cardiovascular disease. That would require research on the specific pattern with clinical outcomes. Paleo study MESA study

A three-day example of animal-based meals

This example illustrates typical meals within the pattern. It has not been assessed as a nutritionally complete or therapeutic meal plan. Preparation times are rough kitchen estimates, not safe cooking times; meat, fish, and eggs still need appropriate handling and cooking. Pasteurized dairy is the safer choice.

Day 1

Breakfast. Three free-range eggs scrambled in butter, with a small bowl of mixed berries. Preparation: 10 minutes. Alternatives: duck eggs instead of chicken eggs; blueberries instead of mixed berries.

Lunch. A grass-fed ribeye steak, 6–8 oz, grilled with salt and butter, alongside sliced melon. Preparation: 15 minutes. Alternatives: ground-beef patties instead of ribeye; watermelon instead of melon.

Dinner. A wild-caught salmon fillet pan-seared in ghee, with a small drizzle of raw honey. Preparation: 20 minutes. Alternatives: mackerel or sardines instead of salmon; omit the honey if minimizing carbohydrates.

Day 2

Breakfast. Beef cooked in butter, with orange slices. Preparation: about 15 minutes, depending on the size of the pieces and cooking method. Liver, often suggested in this type of plan, should not be treated as a standard interchangeable portion because its vitamin A content varies greatly. It is particularly problematic during pregnancy.

Lunch. Ground-lamb patties, 6 oz, cooked in tallow, with fresh pineapple chunks. Preparation: 15 minutes. Alternatives: ground beef instead of lamb; mango instead of pineapple.

Dinner. Slow-cooked beef short ribs seasoned with salt, with full-fat yogurt on the side if dairy is tolerated. Preparation: 20 minutes of active work plus 3–4 hours of cooking. Alternatives: pork ribs instead of beef; leave out dairy if it causes symptoms.

Day 3

Breakfast. Four whole eggs fried in butter, with sliced mango and a small drizzle of raw honey. Preparation: 10 minutes. Alternatives: ghee instead of butter; papaya instead of mango.

Lunch. Grilled bone-in, skin-on chicken thighs with fresh strawberries. Preparation: 25 minutes. Alternatives: turkey thighs instead of chicken; raspberries instead of strawberries.

Dinner. A grass-fed New York strip steak, 6–8 oz, pan-seared in butter, with cheese made from pasteurized milk on the side if dairy is tolerated. Preparation: 15 minutes. Alternatives: bison steak instead of beef; omit cheese if excluding dairy.

Trying the pattern while keeping an eye on blood lipids

If you are considering a substantial dietary change, agree on goals, risks, and follow-up with your clinician. The sources reviewed here do not establish a single tested trial protocol for animal-based eating. Blood tests may inform assessment, but they cannot automatically make a restrictive menu safe.

• Establish your starting point. Discuss existing conditions, medications, and your current diet. A food diary may help identify symptoms and possible nutrient gaps. Blood tests should address a specific question.

• Agree on a useful time to review progress. This depends on your goal and potential risks. A suggested minimum trial duration is not a reason to put up with symptoms.

• Pay attention to changes. Persistent fatigue, constipation, unintended weight loss, or new joint symptoms deserve assessment. A wearable cannot diagnose those symptoms or certify that the diet is safe.

• Assess benefits and drawbacks together. Consider how you feel, nutrient intake, and blood lipids where relevant. Whether to adjust or stop the diet depends on more than how closely you followed its rules.

• Plan any further checks individually. Which tests to repeat, when to repeat them, and whether fasting is necessary depend on the test and treatment. HbA1c reflects glucose exposure over recent months; it does not become interpretable only after a fixed cutoff date.

Common problems with animal-based eating

Typical problems include a menu with too little variety, excessive liver or other vitamin A sources, low fiber intake, and overlooked changes in blood lipids.

Starting a strict diet without nutritional planning. Blood results do not capture every dietary gap. First consider which food groups will disappear and how you will continue to obtain the nutrients they provide.

Ignoring unfavorable lipid changes. The trial comparing meat and nonmeat protein shows that food choices can matter. It did not test a lean-mass hyper-responder protocol. An increase in LDL cholesterol or ApoB belongs in an assessment of overall cardiovascular risk, even if weight or well-being improves. Feeding study

Treating organ meats as healthy in unlimited amounts. Liver and fish liver can supply very large amounts of preformed vitamin A. For adults aged 19 and older, the tolerable upper intake level is 3,000 micrograms RAE per day of preformed vitamin A from all sources combined. This is not an intake target or a blanket approval for a particular serving size. A normal blood result does not guarantee that high intakes are safe. NIH fact sheet

Overlooking fiber. A recent review of randomized trials found small to moderate benefits of higher fiber intake for stool frequency, consistency, and transit in people with normal bowel function. The type and amount of fiber influence its effects. Fruit can help, but does not automatically replace the variety of plant foods being excluded. Fiber review

Putting food rules ahead of health. An eating pattern can be changed if it causes symptoms, restricts everyday life, or creates risks. Even reassuring short-term blood results do not answer every question about long-term safety.

Focusing only on weight or individual blood results. Both can be useful, but need to be considered alongside diet quality, symptoms, and individual risk.

Which markers can help assess benefits and risks?

How you feel does not, by itself, show whether a diet is favorable in the long term. Medical tests can answer specific questions. There is no established comprehensive panel that clears someone to follow an animal-based diet.

• Blood lipids and, where appropriate, ApoB. These help assess atherosclerotic risk. ApoB reflects the concentration of atherogenic particles. An increase after a dietary change deserves discussion in the context of your overall risk. Primary study

• hsCRP. This nonspecific inflammatory marker can be useful in selected risk assessments. It cannot reliably tell you whether a particular diet is helping or harming you.

• Ferritin. It helps assess iron stores, but also rises with inflammation and other conditions. Eating a lot of meat does not by itself diagnose iron overload; suspected overload requires further assessment.

• Vitamin B12. Testing may be useful when symptoms or risk factors warrant it. A high intake of animal foods does not rule out absorption problems and resulting deficiency.

• Glucose and HbA1c. In diabetes or when risk is elevated, these help assess glucose metabolism. Changes reflect the overall diet and treatment, rather than one isolated eating pattern.

• Vitamin D. Testing is useful when there is a relevant medical indication. The Endocrine Society advises against routine testing in otherwise healthy adults without such an indication. Guideline

• Vitamin A. Suspected excessive intake or toxicity calls for medical assessment. Routine testing as a prerequisite for eating large amounts of liver is not a safety strategy; preventing excessive intake matters more. LiverTox Fish-liver cases

Follow-up intervals depend on initial findings, existing conditions, and treatment changes. The cited studies do not support repeating every marker at two fixed checkpoints for this eating pattern.

Measured changes may be informative, but a personal before-and-after comparison cannot establish their cause on its own. Physical activity, medication, weight changes, and normal measurement variation can also contribute.

Risks to keep in mind

Relevant risks include unfavorable lipid changes, nutrient gaps, and excessive vitamin A from large amounts of liver. Raw milk and inadequately cooked animal foods add avoidable infection risks. Monitoring does not replace appropriate food selection and preparation.

Which nutrients become scarce depends on the actual menu. Fruit can supply vitamin C and fiber, for example; honey is not an equivalent substitute. If vegetables, legumes, and whole grains are largely removed, fiber, folate, and magnesium are among the nutrients worth considering. Studies of related patterns describe changes in the microbiome and bowel function, but cannot predict the effects of every animal-based variation. Paleo study Fiber review

For sudden chest pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness, call emergency services: 911 in the United States or the local emergency number elsewhere. Persistent severe headaches, visual changes, blood in the stool, marked fatigue, or signs of disordered eating also need medical attention. After a high vitamin A intake, symptoms including headache, nausea, and skin changes can indicate toxicity. Do not wait for the next planned blood test if symptoms develop. Fish-liver cases

Who needs particular care before trying it?

Whether a highly restricted diet makes sense depends on your goals and health. If you have symptoms or an existing condition, individualized nutrition advice is a more useful starting point than a fixed online protocol.

Eating fewer highly processed foods or improving protein intake is also possible within a less restrictive diet. Interest in animal-based eating is understandable, but the current indirect evidence is not enough to select it as a preferred treatment for a metabolic disorder.

Professional support is especially important in these situations:

• A current or previous eating disorder. Restrictive rules may interfere with recovery or reinforce disordered eating. Discuss any elimination diet with the team supporting your recovery, including a clinician and qualified dietitian.

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Nutrient needs are specific, and this pattern may not meet them. Do not begin a restrictive change without appropriate obstetric and nutrition guidance.

• Under age 18. Growth and development require pediatric and nutrition oversight.

• Existing dyslipidemia without follow-up. Discuss baseline lipids and an appropriate reassessment plan with your clinician before making a major change.

• Familial hypercholesterolemia. Managing LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk is particularly important. Discuss the proposed diet with the clinician managing the condition; monitoring is not a substitute for established treatment.

• A history of gout. Review the proposed foods, symptoms, treatment, and whether urate monitoring is appropriate with your clinician, rather than assuming one fixed monitoring protocol fits everyone.

• Medication for diabetes, high blood pressure, lipids, or thyroid disease. Do not adjust doses yourself or assume the diet replaces medication. Medication changes belong with the prescribing clinician.

If any of these applies, a clinician and qualified dietitian are a better next step than another list of permitted foods.

Putting the animal-based diet in perspective

A dietary change can be judged by how it fits everyday life, meets nutrient needs, affects symptoms, and changes relevant medical findings. Blood tests alone cannot provide long-term safety clearance.

Animal-based eating combines some understandable ideas, including protein-rich meals and fewer highly processed foods. These do not require removing vegetables, legumes, and whole grains across the board. Related Paleo studies and carnivore reports offer interesting short-term signals; the long-term benefits and risks of the specific animal-based pattern remain uncertain. Fat choices, adequate nutrient intake, and the handling of liver and raw milk deserve particular attention.

Frequently asked questions

What can you eat on an animal-based diet?

It mainly includes meat, organ meats, eggs, dairy, fish, and raw honey, alongside some fruit. Most other plant foods are avoided or receive less emphasis. This differs from strict carnivore diets, which exclude all plants, and Paleo diets, which include plants but exclude grains and legumes.

What does an animal-based diet exclude?

It usually excludes most grains, legumes, seed oils, and refined sugar. Vegetables, nuts, and seeds also receive less emphasis in Paul Saladino’s framework, although the degree of restriction varies between versions.

How long should you follow an animal-based diet?

Advocates generally describe it as a long-term pattern. The sources reviewed here do not establish a scientifically tested optimal duration. If you plan substantial restrictions, agree on individual goals and follow-up, and respond sooner if symptoms develop.

Is an animal-based diet safe?

The long-term safety of the specific pattern is not sufficiently established. Studies of related diets show potential benefits as well as unfavorable lipid changes. Large amounts of liver can produce excessive vitamin A intake, and raw milk carries infection risks. Feeling well or having a few normal blood results does not rule these out. Protein comparison Vitamin A Fish-liver cases Carnivore survey

Is it safe during pregnancy?

Do not begin this type of restrictive dietary change on your own during pregnancy. Meeting nutrient needs and maintaining food safety are especially important. Raw milk and excessive preformed vitamin A are concerns. Discuss the actual menu with your maternity care team and a qualified nutrition professional.

How does animal-based eating differ from carnivore?

Animal-based eating allows fruit and raw honey, placing it between strict carnivore, which contains no plant foods, and less restrictive ancestral-style approaches. Strict carnivore excludes all plant foods; animal-based eating permits a limited selection. Real-world carnivore definitions also vary, so the actual menu matters more than the label. Scoping review

How can I tell whether it is working?

Look at well-being, tolerance, and whether the diet meets nutrient needs. Blood lipids and other targeted tests, where relevant, can reveal risks or changes. They do not establish a benefit from the entire diet on their own. Appropriate tests and timing depend on your starting point.

Which blood tests should I have before starting?

There is no scientifically established standard panel specifically for animal-based eating. With a major change, blood lipids and other tests may be useful depending on symptoms, conditions, and deficiency risk. Choose tests individually with your clinician rather than routinely measuring every vitamin, hormone, and inflammatory marker.

Sources and further reading

• Manheimer EW, van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Pijl H (2015). Paleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(4), 922-32. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.113613

• Kowalski LM, Bujko J (2012). [Evaluation of biological and clinical potential of paleolithic diet]. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 63(1), 9-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22642064/

• Beal T, Ortenzi F (2022). Priority Micronutrient Density in Foods. Frontiers in nutrition, 9, 806566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.806566

• Bergeron N, Chiu S, Williams PT, M King S, Krauss RM (2019). Effects of red meat, white meat, and nonmeat protein sources on atherogenic lipoprotein measures in the context of low compared with high saturated fat intake: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 110(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz035

• Genoni A, Christophersen CT, Lo J, Coghlan M, Boyce MC, Bird AR, Lyons-Wall P, Devine A (2020). Long-term Paleolithic diet is associated with lower resistant starch intake, different gut microbiota composition and increased serum TMAO concentrations. European journal of nutrition, 59(5), 1845-1858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02036-y

• Wang M, Li XS, Wang Z, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Fretts A, Sotoodehnia N, Budoff M, Nemet I, DiDonato JA, Tang WHW, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Hazen SL, Mozaffarian D (2023). Trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with long-term mortality risk: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. European heart journal, 44(18), 1608-1618. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad089

• Lennerz BS, Mey JT, Henn OH, Ludwig DS (2021). Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet”. Current developments in nutrition, 5(12), nzab133. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab133

• Jamka M, Kulczyński B, Juruć A, Gramza-Michałowska A, Stokes CS, Walkowiak J (2020). The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020296

• Koch CA, Kjeldsen EW, Frikke-Schmidt R (2023). Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. European heart journal, 44(28), 2609-2622. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad211

• Yokoyama Y, Levin SM, Barnard ND (2017). Association between plant-based diets and plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 75(9), 683-698. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux030

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2020, November 4). Vitamin A. In LiverTox: Clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548165/

• Schmitt C, Domangé B, Torrents R, de Haro L, Simon N (2020). Hypervitaminosis A Following the Ingestion of Fish Liver: Report on 3 Cases from the Poison Control Center in Marseille. Wilderness & environmental medicine, 31(4), 454-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.06.003

• Balk EM, Couch E, Mai HJ, Chen Y, Adam GP, Kanaan G, Caputo EL, Trikalinos TA, Williams G, Duncanson K, Talley NJ, Lichtenstein AH (2026). Fiber intake and laxation in people with normal bowel function: a systematic review. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 123(3), 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101212

• Lietz A, Dapprich J, Fischer T (2026). Carnivore Diet: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence, Potential Benefits and Risks. Nutrients, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020348

• Corrigendum: Effects of red meat, white meat, and nonmeat protein sources on atherogenic lipoprotein measures in the context of low compared with high saturated fat intake: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019;110:24-33. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2019), 110(3), 783. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz143

• Beal T, Ortenzi F (2022). Corrigendum: Priority Micronutrient Density in Foods. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 908592. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.908592

• Beal T, Ortenzi F (2023). Corrigendum: Priority micronutrient density in foods. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1195752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1195752