Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera, is a shrub from the nightshade family used in Ayurvedic medicine. Supplements usually contain root extract.
Also listed as Withania Somnifera, Indian Ginseng, Smell of Horse, Winter Cherry
What side effects have been reported?
Drowsiness, stomach upset, diarrhea and vomiting can occur. Reports also link ashwagandha to rare liver injury; short-term trial tolerance does not establish long-term safety. 1
Who has particular reason to avoid it?
The BfR advises children, pregnant or breastfeeding people, and anyone with current or past liver disease against using ashwagandha. It also urges restraint in the general population and could not establish a safe intake level. 2
Which medicines and conditions matter?
NCCIH advises against use around surgery, with autoimmune or thyroid disorders, or with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Possible interactions involve sedatives, anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, thyroid hormones, and medicines for diabetes or high blood pressure. 1
For information, not individual medical advice. Ingredient studies do not establish the effectiveness of these products.