Kidney Health

Can kidney problems develop without symptoms?

Early kidney disease often goes unnoticed. Diabetes and high blood pressure are important reasons to discuss regular checks, even when someone feels well. 1

Two tests answer different questions

A blood test estimates filtration, reported as GFR. A urine test looks for albumin, a blood protein that can leak through damaged kidneys. Following both over time helps clinicians judge how the kidneys are doing. 1

What can change as disease progresses?

Chronic kidney disease can eventually cause fluid retention, weakness and heart problems. A healthy lifestyle and medical treatment can help prevent or delay complications. 2

Why is bicarbonate studied?

The bicarbonate research concerns people with chronic kidney disease, not healthy adults seeking a general kidney supplement. 3

Sodium bicarbonateToo little evidence

A review of 15 trials involving 2,445 participants, with median follow-up of 12 months, suggested slower loss of kidney function. Evidence certainty was low; effects on death, swelling and urine protein remained uncertain. This is a clinical treatment question, not a reason to self-dose baking soda. 3

When can a nutrient become a problem?

The same mineral can be useful in the diet and hazardous when the body cannot clear it normally. 4

PotassiumToo little evidence

Too little dietary potassium may contribute to kidney-stone risk, but this does not establish supplementation as a treatment for chronic kidney disease. Kidney disease and medicines such as ACE inhibitors or potassium-sparing diuretics can instead allow blood potassium to rise dangerously. 4

What has priority over supplements?

IQWiG emphasizes activity, healthy eating, avoiding smoking and preventing excess weight to reduce diabetes and hypertension risk. For established disease, treatment and follow-up matter; the useful next question is what the person’s diagnosis and test trend require. 1 2

Which other products are covered?

This page does not assess the remaining nutrient ratings in the directory.

Questions people ask