Other
Postbiotics
Postbiotics are preparations of inactivated microorganisms, mostly bacteria, and the substances they produce or are made of.
Is fermented food the same thing?
Fermented foods can contain nonliving microbes and fermentation products. Researchers propose effects on intestinal barriers and immune signaling, with some supporting work in mice. Those mechanisms are reasons to investigate particular foods, not evidence that every fermented meal reproduces a supplement trial. 1