PQQ
PQQ, or pyrroloquinoline quinone, is a redox compound first found as a cofactor of bacterial enzymes. Foods such as natto, kiwi and parsley contain small amounts.
Also listed as Methoxatin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone
What happened in a memory trial?
Adults aged 20–65 received 20 mg of PQQ disodium salt daily or placebo for 12 weeks. The PQQ group improved on composite and verbal memory tests. Several authors worked for the manufacturer; independent replication and everyday functional outcomes would strengthen the finding. In age-stratified analyses, memory gains appeared in the 41–65 group; younger adults improved on other cognitive measures. 1
Do metabolic changes mean more energy?
Two short experiments involving ten adults found changes in inflammatory and urinary metabolic markers after PQQ. Cholesterol and glucose did not change. These results suggest biological activity, but the study did not establish relief from persistent fatigue. 2
Metabolic markers are not a direct measure of feeling more energetic. 2
Effects by health goal
Open an effect to see the studies behind its rating. Bars show the size of the effect; the letter grades the evidence.
Cognition3 effects
Longevity2 effects
No study is linked to this rating.
No study is linked to this rating.
Immune Support1 effect
No study is linked to this rating.
Energy1 effect
No study is linked to this rating.
Sources
- Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2013