Bitter orange
Bitter orange, Citrus aurantium, is a sour citrus fruit whose peel contains the alkaloid synephrine.
Also listed as P-synephrine, Citrus Aurantium, Synephrine, Citrus aurantium
What happened in the weight-loss trials?
A systematic review pooled 18 articles involving 341 adults. It found no significant weight-loss or body-composition benefit. Small studies and differing products limit the conclusions, but the pooled findings do not support buying synephrine to lose weight. 1
Can it improve a workout?
NCCIH describes small exercise studies with inconsistent results; most did not find a benefit. Many products combined bitter orange with other ingredients, making any improvement difficult to attribute to the extract itself. 2
The exercise evidence is too inconsistent to establish a dependable benefit. 2
Effects by health goal
Open an effect to see the studies behind its rating. Bars show the size of the effect; the letter grades the evidence.
Weight Management3 effects
No study is linked to this rating.
No study is linked to this rating.
No study is linked to this rating.
Energy2 effects
No study is linked to this rating.
No study is linked to this rating.
Cognition2 effects
No study is linked to this rating.
No study is linked to this rating.